Guide

The Essential Guide to Due Diligence in International Gold Transactions

Institutional and private investors face significant risks when buying gold internationally. This guide walks you through the critical steps: verifying counterparties, confirming LBMA Good Delivery standards, and securing an unbroken chain of custody.

Why It Matters

Why Due Diligence Is Non-Negotiable

Gold transactions involving large volumes — whether bullion, Dore bars, or allocated certificates — attract sophisticated fraud. Fake assay reports, shell refineries, and forged shipping documents are common tactics used to deceive buyers.

Without proper due diligence, buyers risk receiving under-carat material, stolen gold, or nothing at all. Sellers face equal exposure: dealing with unverified buyers can lead to payment fraud, regulatory penalties, or reputational damage.

This guide is built on the verification protocols we use at Global Gold Verification Platform. It reflects real-world standards applied to transactions across Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia.

Core Steps

The Due Diligence Checklist

Step 1

Verify Your Counterparty

  • Confirm legal identity through company registration documents, tax IDs, and certificates of incorporation.
  • Run KYC (Know Your Customer) and KYB (Know Your Business) checks using accredited screening providers.
  • Cross-check directors and beneficial owners against sanctions lists (OFAC, UN, EU, HMT).
  • Validate physical office address and operational history — virtual offices are a red flag for high-volume dealers.
Step 2

KYC / AML Compliance

  • Collect source-of-funds documentation to satisfy AML regulators and correspondent banks.
  • Screen against PEP (Politically Exposed Persons) databases and adverse media.
  • Document the transaction purpose — speculative investment, hedging, or industrial use — to justify volume and frequency.
  • Maintain an audit trail. Regulators in the UK, EU, and US require records for 5+ years.
Step 3

LBMA Good Delivery Verification

  • Confirm the refinery or smelter is on the current LBMA Good Delivery List for gold.
  • Verify bar markings: serial number, refiner stamp, purity (minimum 99.5%), and year of manufacture.
  • Request independent assay reports from a third-party laboratory, not the seller's affiliate.
  • Check for Responsible Gold Guidance compliance — LBMA requires refiners to pass anti-conflict audits.
Step 4

Secure Chain of Custody

  • Use tamper-evident packaging and seals with unique serials. Photograph seals at every handover point.
  • Insure the shipment for full replacement value, not just declared value. Named-peril coverage is standard.
  • Choose logistics partners registered with Loomis, Brinks, Malca-Amit, or equivalent secure carriers.
  • Require vault receipts upon delivery. Vaults should be independently audited and insured (Lloyd's or equivalent).
Warning Signs

Red Flags to Avoid

Unverifiable Refinery

The seller claims LBMA status but the refinery is not listed on the official Good Delivery List.

Pressure to Skip Verification

Counterparties who resist independent assay, KYC checks, or escrow arrangements.

Below-Market Pricing

Discounts significantly below spot price are a hallmark of counterfeit or stolen gold.

Vague Documentation

Missing export licenses, customs declarations, or chain-of-custody records.

Uninsured Logistics

Carriers without specialist precious-metals insurance or secure-vault accreditation.

Offshore Shell Entities

Sellers operating through jurisdictions with no physical presence or beneficial ownership disclosure.

Regulations

Regional Compliance Overview

United Kingdom

FCA-regulated firms must comply with MLRs 2017. All high-value dealers (HVDs) in precious metals must register with HMRC for AML supervision.

European Union

The 6th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (6AMLD) requires enhanced due diligence for transactions over €10,000. Member states maintain central beneficial ownership registers.

United States

FinCEN mandates BSA compliance for precious metals dealers. OFAC sanctions screening is mandatory. State-level money-transmitter licenses may apply.

Next Step

Let Us Verify Your Next Gold Transaction

Global Gold Verification Platform handles end-to-end due diligence: KYC/AML screening, LBMA refinery verification, chain-of-custody documentation, and secure logistics. Start with a buyer or seller verification request.

Partner Invitation

Built with a vetted global partner ecosystem.

We extend our services through LBMA-aligned refineries, independent assayers, vault operators, secured logistics carriers, gold-trade lawyers, and compliance specialists. If you operate to institutional standards in the gold market, we want to work with you.